Smartphone - Wikipedia. For the device solely used for telecommunications, see telephone. A smartphone is a mobile personal computer with a mobile operating system with features useful for mobile or handheld use. Smartphones, which are typically pocket- sized (as opposed to tablets, which are much larger than a pocket), have the ability to place and receive voice/video calls and create and receive text messages, have virtual assistants (such as Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa, Cortana, Bixby), a note- taking application, an event calendar, a media player, video games, GPS navigation, digital camera and video camera.

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Smartphones can access the Internet through cellular frequencies or Wi- Fi and can run a variety of third- party software components (. They typically have a color display with a graphical user interface that covers the front surface. The display is almost always a touchscreen that enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type words, numbers, and other characters, and press onscreen icons to activate . Most of those produced from 2. G LTE, motion sensors, and mobile payment features. In the third quarter of 2.

This was first conceptualized by Nikola Tesla in 1. Theodore Paraskevakos in 1. Paraskevakos was the first to introduce the concept of telephony into computers. In 1. 97. 1, while he was working with Boeing in Huntsville, Alabama, Paraskevakos demonstrated a transmitter and receiver that provided additional ways to communicate with remote equipment, however it still did not yet have general purpose functionality. They were installed at Peoples' Telephone Company in Leesburg, Alabama and were demonstrated to several telephone companies. The original and historic working models are still in the possession of Paraskevakos. It included PDA features and other visionary mobile applications such as maps, stock reports and news.

A refined version was marketed to consumers in 1. Bell. South under the name Simon Personal Communicator. The Simon was the first commercially available device that could be properly referred to as a . Simon included an address book, calendar, appointment scheduler, calculator, world time clock and notepad, utilizing its touch screen display.

These operating systems would later evolve into mobile operating systems. In March 1. 99. 6, Hewlett- Packard released the Omni. Go 7. 00. LX, a modified HP 2. LX palmtop PC that supported a Nokia 2. PDA with ROM- based software to support it. It had a 6. 40. It was also 1.

DOS 5. 0 compatible, allowing it to run thousands of existing software titles, including early versions of Windows. In August 1. 99. 6, Nokia released the Nokia 9. Communicator, a digital cellular PDA based on the Nokia 2. PEN/GEOS 3. 0 operating system from Geoworks. The two components were attached by a hinge in what became known as a clamshell design, with the display above and a physical QWERTY keyboard below.

The PDA provided e- mail; calendar, address book, calculator and notebook applications; text- based Web browsing; and could send and receive faxes. When closed, the device could be used as a digital cellular telephone. In June 1. 99. 9 Qualcomm released the . Originally developed by Psion, it was the world's most widely used smartphone operating system until 2. These phones ran on i- mode, which provided data transmission speeds up to 9.

Limited functionality, small screens and limited bandwidth allowed for phones to use the slower data speeds available. It was also ranked first in market capitalization in Japan and second globally. This power would later wane in the face of the rise of 3. G and new phones with advanced wireless network capabilities.

Later, in the mid- 2. U. S. American users popularized the term . The i. Phone was notable for its use of a large touchscreen for direct finger input as its main means of interaction, instead of a stylus, keyboard, or keypad typical for smartphones at the time. Later versions of Android added and then improved on- screen keyboard support, and physical keyboards on Android devices quickly became rare. Android is an open- source platform founded by Andy Rubin and now owned by Google. Microsoft, for instance, discontinued Windows Mobile and started a new touchscreen- oriented OS from scratch, called Windows Phone. Nokia abandoned Symbian and partnered with Microsoft to use Windows Phone on its smartphones.

Windows Phone then became the third- most- popular OS. Palm replaced their Palm OS with web. OS, which was bought by Hewlett- Packard and later sold to LG Electronics for use on LG smart TVs. Black. Berry Limited, formerly known as Research In Motion, made a new platform based on QNX, Black. Berry 1. 0, with which it was possible to control a device without having to press any physical buttons; this platform was later discontinued. By the mid 2. 01.

Operating systems. Initially, Nokia's Symbian devices were focused on business, similar to Windows Mobile and Black. So Be It (2017) Movie In Hd. Berry devices at the time. From 2. 00. 6 onwards, Nokia started producing entertainment- focused smartphones, popularized by the Nseries.

In Asia, with the exception of Japan, the trend was similar to that of Europe. Further models to use Linux such as the Motorola Ming A1. Ming line would be unveiled through 2. In late 2. 00. 9, Motorola released the Motorola Cliq. It usually fills most of the device's front surface (about 7.

Many have an aspect ratio of 1. They are measured in diagonal inches, starting from 2. Smartphones with screens over 4. Liquid- crystal displays are the most common; others are IPS, LED, OLED, AMOLED and E Ink displays. In the 2. 01. 0s, Braille screens, which can be used by visually impaired people are being developed.

It is expected that Braille screens will use some type of microfluidics technology. These digitizers allow users to have greater precision when utilizing touch- screens for drawing or for jotting down notes. Cases range from relatively inexpensive rubber or soft plastic cases which provide moderate protection from bumps and good protection from scratches to more expensive, heavy- duty cases that combine a rubber padding with a hard outer shell. Some cases have a . Accessories include products sold by the manufacturer of the smartphone and compatible products made by other manufacturers. Software. It is an open source platform with optional proprietary components, including a suite of flagship software for Google services, and the application and content storefront Google Play. Development groups have used the Android source code to develop and distribute their own modified versions of the operating system, such as Cyanogen.

Mod, to add features to the OS and provide newer versions of Android to devices that no longer receive official updates from their vendor. Gartner Research estimated that 3. Android smartphones were sold during the fourth quarter of 2. Samsung Electronics, who produces Android devices, was also the top smartphone vendor across all platforms in the same period of time. The i. Phone was first unveiled in January 2. The device introduced numerous design concepts that have been adopted by modern smartphone platforms, such as the use of multi- touch gestures for navigation, eschewing physical controls such as physical keyboard in favor of those rendered by the operating system itself on its touchscreen (including the keyboard), and the use of skeuomorphism—making features and controls within the user interface resemble real- world objects and concepts in order to improve their usability. However, the i. Phone and i.

OS have generally been in second place in worldwide market share. It is closed source and proprietary. It has the third largest installed base on smartphones behind Android and i. OS. Unveiled on February 1. Windows Phone includes a user interface inspired by Microsoft's Metro Design Language. It is integrated with Microsoft services such as One. Drive and Office, Xbox Music, Xbox Video, Xbox Live games and Bing, but also integrates with many other non- Microsoft services such as Facebook and Google accounts.